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The Quran written down, the Sunnah followed

How we know our deen

Older children ask a fair question: how do we know any of this? The answer is that the Quran was written down while the Prophet ﷺ was alive and gathered into one copy in the time of Abu Bakr by Zayd ibn Thabit, who had written revelation for the Prophet ﷺ himself; and the Sunnah was carried by named companions whose narrations are collected with their chains in books such as Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. That is why every lesson on this site names its ayah or its hadith with a number you can check. These five lessons teach a child to ask for evidence, to follow the Prophet ﷺ rather than invent, and to keep worship steady the way he ﷺ did.

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Lesson 1 · Preserved · ages 12-15

The Quran was written down

Zayd ibn Thabit, who wrote revelation for the Prophet ﷺ, gathered the Quran into one manuscript for Abu Bakr.

  1. The hadith

    Zayd ibn Thabit reported that Abu Bakr called him after the battle of Yamama and asked him to gather the Quran, because Umar feared that reciters were being killed and much of the Quran could be lost.

  2. Why Zayd

    Abu Bakr told him: you are a young, intelligent man whom we do not doubt, and you used to write the revelation for Allah's Messenger ﷺ.

  3. Kept safe after him

    The same hadith records that the complete manuscript stayed with Abu Bakr, then Umar, then Hafsa the daughter of Umar.

  4. Allah promised it

    Allah says He sent down the Reminder and He is its Guardian.

  5. So we can check

    Because it was written and copied, any ayah you hear can be checked against the same text used today.

Surah Al-Hijr · 15:9

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا ٱلذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُۥ لَحَٰفِظُونَ

Innaa Nahnu nazalnaz Zikra wa Innaa lahoo lahaa fizoon

“Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an and indeed, We will be its guardian.”

Surah Al-Qiyaama · 75:17

إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُۥ وَقُرْءَانَهُۥ

Inna 'alainaa jam'ahoo wa qur aanah

“Indeed, upon Us is its collection [in your heart] and [to make possible] its recitation.”

Surah Al-Burooj · 85:21

بَلْ هُوَ قُرْءَانٌۭ مَّجِيدٌۭ

Bal huwa Quraanum Majeed

“But this is an honored Qur'an”

“Zayd ibn Thabit reported: Abu Bakr said, "You are a wise young man and we do not have any suspicion about you, and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Messenger. So you should search for the Qur'an and collect it." Then the complete manuscripts (copy) of the Qur'an remained with Abu Bakr till he died, then with Umar till the end of his life, and then with Hafsa, the daughter of Umar.”

Sahih al-Bukhari 4986

Do this before next time

Open any Quran at home and find one ayah you know by heart; notice the text is the same in every copy.

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Lesson 2 · Passing it on · ages 8-11

Learn it, then teach it

The Prophet ﷺ said the best of you are those who learn the Quran and teach it.

  1. The hadith

    Uthman narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said the best among you are those who learn the Quran and teach it.

  2. Two halves

    Learning alone is half of it; the hadith joins learning to teaching, so knowledge keeps moving.

  3. A child can teach

    Teaching a younger brother, sister or friend one surah already counts as passing it on.

  4. Allah taught by the pen

    Allah says He taught by the pen and taught the human being what he did not know.

  5. How the chain worked

    Every companion who taught a student is one link in the chain that reached your teacher today.

Surah Al-Alaq · 96:1

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ٱقْرَأْ بِٱسْمِ رَبِّكَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ

Iqra bismi rab bikal lazee khalaq

“Recite in the name of your Lord who created -”

Surah Al-Alaq · 96:4

ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِٱلْقَلَمِ

Al lazee 'allama bil qalam

“Who taught by the pen -”

Surah Al-Baqara · 2:151

كَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولًۭا مِّنكُمْ يَتْلُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَٰتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُم مَّا لَمْ تَكُونُوا۟ تَعْلَمُونَ

kamaaa arsalnaa feekum Rasoolam minkum yatloo 'alaikum aayaatina wa yuzakkeekum wa yu'alli mukumul kitaaba wal hikmata wa yu'allimukum maa lam takoonoo ta'lamoon

“Just as We have sent among you a messenger from yourselves reciting to you Our verses and purifying you and teaching you the Book and wisdom and teaching you that which you did not know.”

“The best among you (Muslims) are those who learn the Qur'an and teach it.”

Sahih al-Bukhari 5027

Do this before next time

Teach one short surah or one ayah to someone younger than you this week.

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Lesson 3 · Following, not guessing · ages 8-11

Pray as you saw me pray

The Prophet ﷺ told the young men from Malik ibn al-Huwayrith's group to pray as they had seen him pray.

  1. The hadith

    Malik ibn al-Huwayrith said a group of young men of similar age stayed twenty days with the Prophet ﷺ, and he told them to go back and teach their families, and pray as you have seen me praying.

  2. Salah is copied, not invented

    Nobody worked out the postures of salah for themselves; they were shown and then copied.

  3. He was gentle

    The same hadith describes him ﷺ as merciful and kind, and says he sent them home when he saw they missed their families.

  4. The pattern for us

    Allah says the Messenger of Allah is a beautiful example for you.

  5. Then teach it

    In the same hadith he told them to teach their families, so the practice spread from those who had seen it.

Surah Al-Ahzaab · 33:21

لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِى رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌۭ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلْيَوْمَ ٱلْءَاخِرَ وَذَكَرَ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرًۭا

Laqad kaana lakum fee Rasoolil laahi uswatun hasanatul liman kaana yarjul laaha wal yawmal Aakhira wa azkaral laaha kaseeraa

“There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.”

Surah Al-Hashr · 59:7

مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَىْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةًۢ بَيْنَ ٱلْأَغْنِيَآءِ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمْ عَنْهُ فَٱنتَهُوا۟ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ

Maaa afaaa'al laahu 'alaa Rasoolihee min ahlil quraa falillaahi wa lir Rasooli wa lizil qurbaa wal yataamaa walmasaakeeni wabnis sabeeli kai laa yakoona doolatam bainal aghniyaaa'i minkum; wa maaa aataakumur Rasoolu fakhuzoohu wa maa nahaakum 'anhu fantahoo; wattaqul laaha innal laaha shadeedul-'iqaab

“And what Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and orphans and the [stranded] traveler - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.”

Surah Aal-i-Imraan · 3:31

قُلْ إِن كُنتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ ٱللَّهَ فَٱتَّبِعُونِى يُحْبِبْكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ

Qul in kuntum tuhibboonal laaha fattabi' oonee yuhbibkumul laahu wa yaghfir lakum zunoobakum; wallaahu Ghafoorur Raheem

“Say, [O Muhammad], "If you should love Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."”

“Malik ibn al-Huwayrith reported: we stayed with the Prophet ﷺ for twenty days, and he said: Pray as you have seen me praying and when it is the time for the prayer one of you should pronounce the Adhan and the oldest of you should lead the prayer.”

Sahih al-Bukhari 631

Do this before next time

Ask a parent or teacher to show you one part of salah and copy it exactly, the way those young men did.

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Lesson 4 · Complete already · ages 12-15

Nothing added to the deen

The Prophet ﷺ said whoever introduces into our affair something that is not part of it, it is rejected.

  1. The hadith

    Aisha reported the Prophet ﷺ said whoever innovates in our affair something for which there is no valid reason, it is to be rejected.

  2. The deen was completed

    Allah says today He has perfected your religion for you and completed His favour upon you.

  3. Good intentions are not enough

    The test in the hadith is not whether an act feels good, but whether it comes from the deen.

  4. This is why we ask

    When you are not sure whether something is Sunnah, the answer is to ask someone who knows, not to guess.

  5. It protects the child

    Because nothing may be added, worship stays the same for every Muslim in every country.

Surah Al-Maaida · 5:3

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَيْتَةُ وَٱلدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ ٱلْخِنزِيرِ وَمَآ أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِۦ وَٱلْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَٱلْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَٱلْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَٱلنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَآ أَكَلَ ٱلسَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى ٱلنُّصُبِ وَأَن تَسْتَقْسِمُوا۟ بِٱلْأَزْلَٰمِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ ٱلْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِن دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَٱخْشَوْنِ ۚ ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِى وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلْإِسْلَٰمَ دِينًۭا ۚ فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ فِى مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍۢ لِّإِثْمٍۢ ۙ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ

Hurrimat 'alaikumul maitatu waddamu wa lahmul khinzeeri wa maaa uhilla lighiril laahi bihee walmun khani qatu wal mawqoozatu wal mutarad diyatu wanna teehatu wa maaa akalas sabu'u illaa maa zakkaitum wa maa zubiha 'alan nusubi wa an tastaqsimoo bil azlaam; zaalikum fisq; alyawma ya'isal lazeena kafaroo min deenikum falaa takhshawhum wakh shawn; alyawma akmaltu lakum deenakum wa atmamtu 'alaikum ni'matee wa radeetu lakumul Islaama deenaa; famanidturra fee makhmasatin ghaira mutajaanifil li ismin fa innallaaha Ghafoorur Raheem

“Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah, and [those animals] killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you [are able to] slaughter [before its death], and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and [prohibited is] that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.”

Surah Al-An'aam · 6:153

وَأَنَّ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطِى مُسْتَقِيمًۭا فَٱتَّبِعُوهُ ۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا۟ ٱلسُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمْ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ

Wa annna haazaa Siraatee mustaqeeman fattabi'oohu wa laa tattabi'us subula fatafarraqa bikum 'an sabeelih; zaalikum wassaakum bihee la'allakum tattaqoon

“And, [moreover], this is My path, which is straight, so follow it; and do not follow [other] ways, for you will be separated from His way. This has He instructed you that you may become righteous.”

Surah Ash-Shura · 42:21

أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَٰٓؤُا۟ شَرَعُوا۟ لَهُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَنۢ بِهِ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةُ ٱلْفَصْلِ لَقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ

Am lahum shurakaaa'u shara'oo lahum minad deeni maa lam yaazam bihil laah; wa law laa kalimatul fasli laqudiya bainahum; wa innaz zaalimeena lahum 'azaabun aleem

“Or have they other deities who have ordained for them a religion to which Allah has not consented? But if not for the decisive word, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed, the wrongdoers will have a painful punishment.”

“He who innovates things in our affairs for which there is no valid (reason) (commits sin) and these are to be rejected.”

Sahih Muslim 1718a

Do this before next time

Pick one thing you do in worship and find out from a teacher which ayah or hadith it comes from.

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Lesson 5 · Not too much, not too little · ages 12-15

The Sunnah is balanced

Three men planned extreme worship; the Prophet ﷺ said he fasts and breaks his fast, prays and sleeps, and whoever turns away from his Sunnah is not of him.

  1. The hadith

    Anas reported that three men said they would pray all night for ever, fast every day without break, and never marry; the Prophet ﷺ said he was the most fearing of Allah among them, yet he fasted and broke his fast, prayed and slept, and married.

  2. The warning

    He ﷺ ended by saying whoever turns away from my Sunnah is not from me.

  3. Extremes are not piety

    Doing more than the Prophet ﷺ did is not better than doing what he did.

  4. Allah dislikes excess

    Allah tells people not to be excessive, for He does not love those who are excessive.

  5. Sleep, food and family

    Rest, meals and family life are part of the Sunnah, not interruptions to it.

Surah Al-Baqara · 2:143

وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَٰكُمْ أُمَّةًۭ وَسَطًۭا لِّتَكُونُوا۟ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ ٱلرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًۭا ۗ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا ٱلْقِبْلَةَ ٱلَّتِى كُنتَ عَلَيْهَآ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يَتَّبِعُ ٱلرَّسُولَ مِمَّن يَنقَلِبُ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ ۚ وَإِن كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ هَدَى ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَمَا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَٰنَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِٱلنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ

Wa kazaalika ja'alnaakum ummatanw wasatal litakoonoo shuhadaaa'a 'alan naasi wa yakoonar Rasoolu 'alaikum shaheedaa; wa maa ja'alnal qiblatal latee kunta 'alaihaaa illaa lina'lama mai yattabi'ur Rasoola mimmai yanqalibu 'alaa 'aqibayh; wa in kaanat lakabeeratan illaa 'alal lazeena hadal laah; wa maa kaanal laahu liyudee'a eemaanakum; innal laaha binnaasi la Ra'oofur Raheem

“And thus we have made you a just community that you will be witnesses over the people and the Messenger will be a witness over you. And We did not make the qiblah which you used to face except that We might make evident who would follow the Messenger from who would turn back on his heels. And indeed, it is difficult except for those whom Allah has guided. And never would Allah have caused you to lose your faith. Indeed Allah is, to the people, Kind and Merciful.”

Surah Al-A'raaf · 7:31

۞ يَٰبَنِىٓ ءَادَمَ خُذُوا۟ زِينَتَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍۢ وَكُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ وَلَا تُسْرِفُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُسْرِفِينَ

Yaa Banneee Adama khuzoo zeenatakum 'inda kulli masjidinw wa kuloo washraboo wa laa tusrifoo; innahoo laa yuhibbul musrifeen

“O children of Adam, take your adornment at every masjid, and eat and drink, but be not excessive. Indeed, He likes not those who commit excess.”

Surah Al-Hadid · 57:27

ثُمَّ قَفَّيْنَا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِم بِرُسُلِنَا وَقَفَّيْنَا بِعِيسَى ٱبْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَءَاتَيْنَٰهُ ٱلْإِنجِيلَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُ رَأْفَةًۭ وَرَحْمَةًۭ وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ٱبْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَٰهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا ٱبْتِغَآءَ رِضْوَٰنِ ٱللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا ۖ فَـَٔاتَيْنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌۭ مِّنْهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ

Summa qaffainaa 'alaa aasaarihim bi Rusulinaa wa qaffainaa be 'Eesab ni Maryama wa aatainaahul Injeela wa ja'alnaa fee quloobil lazeenat taba' oohu raafatanw wa rahmatanw wa rahbaaniyyatanib tada' oohaa maa katanaahaa 'alaihim illab tighaaa'a ridwaanil laahi famaa ra'awhaa haqqa ri'aayatihaa fa aatainal lazeena aamanoo minhum ajrahum wa kaseerum minhum faasiqoon

“Then We sent following their footsteps Our messengers and followed [them] with Jesus, the son of Mary, and gave him the Gospel. And We placed in the hearts of those who followed him compassion and mercy and monasticism, which they innovated; We did not prescribe it for them except [that they did so] seeking the approval of Allah. But they did not observe it with due observance. So We gave the ones who believed among them their reward, but many of them are defiantly disobedient.”

“I fast and break my fast, I do sleep and I also marry women. So he who does not follow my tradition in religion, is not from me.”

Sahih al-Bukhari 5063

Do this before next time

Write down one act of worship you can keep every day without losing sleep, food or family time.

Every ayah on this page comes from the Tanzil Uthmani text of the Qur'an with the Sahih International translation, and every hadith carries its collection and number so you can check it yourself. Back to the learning path

Next on this shelf: The story of Yusuf — 6 lessons.

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